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심전도 (EKG, ECG) 읽는 흐름

Medicine and Human 2023. 3. 19. 09:47
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위급한 질환을 우선 감별한다. : Arrhythmia(rate, rhythm) & Infarction, ischemia (ST segment, T wave)

 

<Rate & Rhythm>

# Rate (작은 1칸 0.04sec, 큰 1칸 0.2sec)

# Rhythm : R-R 간격 규칙적/ 불규칙적?

# QRS 두께 : narrow / wide (>0.12sec)

# P wave (lead 2에서 +, aVR에서 -), P다음QRS

# PR 간격 연장? - heart block

 

<ST segment>

# 12 전극 중 어디라도 ST elevation ? 보통 1mm상승 / V2, V3 에서는 2mm상승 기준

# ST elevation 감별질환

: STEMI / Benign early repolarization / pericarditis / vasospasm / pulmonary embolism / LV aneurysm / LV hypertrophy / LBBB

# ST depression (2개 연속 lead에서 0.5mm 하강)

: 평평한 ST depression(ischemia 가능성) / upslopping ST depression & V1~V3에서 peak T wave(proximal LAD occlusion)

# ST depression 감별질환

: NSTEMI / Posterior MI / LBBB / LVH w/ strain / reciprocal change / digoxin toxicity

 

<J wave>

감별질환 : benign early repolarization / hypothermia / hypercalcemia / Brugada syndrome

 

<T wave>

# T wave inversion : LVH strain / ICP 상승 / Pulmonary Embolism / BBB / ischemia ("오직 aVL에서 T wave inversion 보이면 inferior MI 의심!)

# Hyperacute T wave(tall, broad, asymmetric) : vasospasm / early STEMI

# biphasic T wave : ischemia(Wellens-A 특히 V2, V3 lead) / hyperkalemia

# flat T wave : ischemia / hypokalemia

# peaked T wave(tall, narrow) : hyperkalemia / hypermagnesemia / ischemia(De-Winters T wave, V2, V3 lead, proximal LAD)

 

<QRS wave>

# wide (>0.12sec) QRS : BBB / hyperkalemia / V-tach / W.P.W / paced rhythm / medications(TCA)

# LBBB, RBBB : V1, V2 / V5, V6

# pathological Q wave(>0.04sec or >2mm in depth or >25% of QRS) : MI(old or new) / PE / LBBB / LVH

# low voltage QRS : pericardial effusion(HR상승, 호흡곤란) / obesity / COPD / heart failure / infitrated disease

 

<QT interval>

long QT (>460ms in female, >450ms in male : 대략 R-R 간격의 절반 이상) : Torsade de Pointes(TdP) 위험 / medication 감별 / 전해질 문제(hypo-kalemia, magnesemia, calcemia) / ischemia

 

<P wave>

Rt/Lt atrial enlargement (lead 2, V1 참고)

 

<Axis>

left deviation : LBBB / LVH / inferior MI / hyperkalemia

right deviation : RBBB / RVH / anterior MI / V-tach

 

https://youtu.be/TTYGxK1DNKA

 

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